Biochemistry-I includes basic biochemical information about the structures, properties, functions, and relationships of organic compounds such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, enzymes, and minerals, which constitute the basic building blocks of organisms essential for the maintenance of life.
Notice to our students
Step by step, the page design and presentation format of the information will change. Documents in pdf format will be available for sharing temporarily. However, PDF documents will be removed when the transition to the new style is complete.
Contents
1. Introduction to Biochemistry and Biophysical Chemistry-I
Contents: Introduction to Biochemistry (The purpose and scope of biochemistry, Basic substances in the organism and their ratios) and Biophysical Chemistry-I (Water, Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure, Oncotic Pressure, Hydrostatic Pressure, Dialysis, Diffusion, Surface Tension, Adsorption, Freezing point depression)
Lecture Document: Click to download.
2. Biophysical Chemistry-II
Contents: Solutions (Solubility, Disperse Systems, Protective Colloids, The Mole, Molarity, Molality, Osmole, Osmolarity, Osmolarity, Osmolality, Equivalent Concentration, Percent Solutions, Dilution, ppm and ppb), pH, Amphoteric Electrolytes, Buffers
Lecture Document: Click to download.
3. Bioelements-I
Contents: Introduction, Common elements found in the body, Analysis techniques, Macro-Elements: Calcium (Ca), Phosphorus (P), Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (Na), Chlorine (Cl), Potassium (K), Sulphur (S))
Lecture Document: Click to download.
4. Bioelements-II
Contents: Trace Elements: Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Cobalt (Co), Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn), Molybdenum (Mo), Fluorine (F), Chromium (Cr), Selenium (Se), Iodine (I)
Lecture Document: Click to download.
5. Carbohydrates-I
Contents: Introduction, Definition of Carbohydrates, Classification of Carbohydrates, Monosaccharides: Formulation of monosaccharides, structure formulas and configuration formulas, Fischer Projection, D- and L-Isomers, Cyclic Structures of Monosaccharides, Howarth Projection, Mutarotation, Sweetness of Monosaccharides, Effect of alkalis on monosaccharides, Effect of acids on monosaccharides, Reducing properties of monosaccharides, Properties of monosaccharides related to -OH Groups
Lecture Document: Click to download.
6. Carbohydrates-II
Contents: Monosaccharide Derivatives (Amino sugars, Amino sugar acids, Deoxy sugars, Sugar alcohols, Sugar acids, Phosphate Esters), Disaccharides (Glycosidic Bond, Maltose, Cellobiose, Lactose, Trehalose), Oligosaccharides
Lecture Document: Click to download.
7. Carbohydrates-III
Contents: Introduction to Polysaccharides, Homopolysaccharides (Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose, Dextrans, Chitin, Inulin), Heteropolysaccharides (Hyaluronic Acid, Chondroitin sulphates, Keratan sulphate, Heparan sulphate, Heparin, Peptidoglycan, Agar, Gum Arabic, Pectins)
Lecture Document: Click to download.
8. Lipids-I
Contents: Introduction to Lipids, General Functions of Lipids, Classification of Lipids, Fatty Acids (Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Nomenclature of Fatty Acids, Classification, Essential Fatty Acids, Physical and Chemical Properties of Fatty Acids)
Lecture Document: Click to download.
9. Lipids-II
Contents: Glycerin-carrying lipids, Glycerin, Neutral Lipids (Mono-, di- and triglycerides, Glycerin ethers, Glycosylglycerins), Glycerophospholipids (Phosphatidylcholine, Phosphatidylethanolamine, Phosphatidylserine, Plasmalogens, Platelet-Activating Factor, Diphosphatidylglycerol, Phosphatidylinositols)
Lecture Document: Click to download.
10. Lipids-III
Contents: Lipids not carrying glycerin: Sphingolipids (Ceramides, Sphingomyelins, Glycosphingolipids [Cerebrosides, Sulfatides, Globosides, Gangliosides]), Terpenes (Carotenes), Sterols (Cholesterol, Bile Acids), Lipids linked to other classes of compounds: Lipoproteins (Chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL), Eicosanoids (Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes, Leukotrienes, Lipoxins), Lysophosphoglycerides, Lipopolysaccharides))
Lecture Document: Click to download.
11. Amino acids, Peptides, and Proteins-I
Contents: Amino Acids and Classification, Structure of Amino Acids, Essential and Non-Protein Amino Acids, General reactions of Amino Acids, Peptide Bond and Peptides.
Subheadings: D- and L-Forms, Classification, Modified Amino Acids, Physical and Chemical Properties; Peptides: Peptide Bond, Oligo- and Polypeptides, Some important di-, oligo- and polypeptides, Separations and quantification of amino acids in proteins.
Lecture Document: Click to download.
12. Amino acids, Peptides, and Proteins-II
Contents: Classification of Proteins, Properties of Proteins, Solubility of Proteins, Denaturation, Primer, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary Structures of Protein Molecules
Subheadings: Classification (According to their Structure: Simple-Conjugated-Derivative Proteins; Functionally: Catalytic Proteins, Carrier Proteins [transport proteins], Nutrient and Storage Proteins, Contractile Proteins, Structural Proteins, Defense Proteins, Physiological Regulatory Proteins).
Lecture Document: Click to download.
13. Amino acids, Peptides, and Proteins-III
Contents: Nucleoproteins [Nucleic acids (Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Polynucleotides, Primer Structure of Nucleic Acids and Conformations, Functions and Metabolisms of Nucleic Acids, Replication, Transcription, Translation], Chromoproteins, Bile pigments, Major Proteins of Body Fluids and Tissues.
Subheadings: DNA, RNA, ATP, Porphyrins, Icterus (Jaundice).
Lecture Document: Click to download.
14. Enzymes
Contents: Structures and General Properties of Enzymes, Terminology and Definitions, Classification and Nomenclature of Enzymes, Principles of Enzyme Kinetics, Factors Which Affects Activity of Enzyme, Control of Enzyme Activity, Enzymology in Veterinary Medicine
Subheadings: History, Location, Specificity, Enzyme Catalysis, Inhibitors and Activators, Coenzymes.
Lecture Document: Click to download.
Laboratory Practice Documents
1. Laboratory Safety and Cleaning
Contents: Rules to be followed in biochemistry laboratories.
Practice Document: Click to download.
2. Basic Laboratory Glassware and Equipment
Contents: Introduction of basic laboratory consumables, equipment, and instruments.
Practice Document: Click to download.
3. Solutions
Contents: Solution problems; Preparation of Solutions: Percent, Molar and Normal (Equivalence) Solutions.
Practice Document: Click to download.
4. Collecting Serum and Plasma
Contents: Collecting Serum and Plasma
Subheadings: Blood, blood collection tubes, anticoagulants, serum and plasma separation and difference, centrifugal.
Practice Document: Click to download.
5. Experiments on Carbohydrates
Contents: Experiments on Carbohydrates.
Subheadings: Moore, fehling, benedict, barfoed, furfural, molisch, naphtol, seliwanoff, bial, aniline, sucrose, hydrolysis, ozazone, amylodextrin, erythrodextrin, acrodextrin, fermentation.
Practice Document: Click to download.
6. Experiments on Lipids
Contents: Experiments on Lipids
Practice Document: Click to download.
7. Experiments on Amino Acids and Proteins
7. Experiments on Amino Acids and Proteins
Contents: Experiments on Amino Acids and Proteins
Practice Document: Click to download.
Edited on: 25 November 2023