Biochemistry-I includes basic biochemical information about the structures, properties, functions, and relationships of organic compounds such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, enzymes, and minerals, which constitute the basic building blocks of organisms essential for the maintenance of life.
Notice to our students
Step by step, the page design and presentation format of the information will change. Documents in pdf format will be available for sharing temporarily. However, PDF documents will be removed when the transition to the new style is complete.
Contents
1. Introduction to Biochemistry, and Biophysical Chemistry-I
Contents: Introduction to Biochemistry (Description and subjects of Biochemistry, the Biochemical reactions in the cell) and Biophysical Chemistry-I (Water and Biological Importance, Metabolism of Water, Diffusion, Osmosis, Dialysis, Surface tension, Adsorption).
Lecture Document: Click to download.
2. Biophysical Chemistry-II
Contents: Solutions, Molar and Equivalent concentrations, Percentage Solutions, pH, Amphoterism, Buffers
Subheadings: Disperse systems, protective colloids, hydrogen ion concentration, bicarbonate buffer, phosphate buffer, isotopes and their biochemical importance, hazards of radiation.
Lecture Document: Click to download.
3. Bioelements-I
Content: Macro-Elements
Subheadings: Calcium (Ca – Milk fever), Phosphorus (P), Magnesium (Mg – Grass Staggers), Potassium (K-Hypokalemia syndrome), Sodium (Na), Chlorine (Cl), Sulfur (S).
Lecture Document: Click to download.
4. Bioelements-II
Contents: Micro-elements/Trace elements
Subheadings: Iron (Fe – Catalase, Hemoglobin, Transferrin, Ferritin, Microcytic hypochromic anaemia), Copper (Cu – Ceruloplasmin, Enzootic ataxia, Wilson’s disease), Cobalt (Co – Cobalamin, Macrocytic anaemia), Zinc (Zn – SOD), Manganese (Mn), Chromium (Cr – Glucose tolerance factor), Molybdenum (Mo – Xanthine oxidase), Fluorine (F – Fluorosis), Selenium (Se – White muscle disease, Glutathione peroxidase [GPx]), Iodine (I – Goiter).
Lecture Document: Click to download.
5. Carbohydrates-I
Contents: Definition and Importance of Carbohydrates, Classification of Carbohydrates, Monosaccharides (Glucose, Fructose, Galactose, Ribose), Configuration, and Conformation.
Lecture Document: Click to download.
6. Carbohydrates-II
Contents: General Reactions of Monosaccharides, Derivative Monosaccharides, and Disaccharides.
Subheadings: Amino sugars (glucosamine, galactosamine), amino sugar acids (neuraminic acid, N-acetyl neuraminic acid, sialic acid, mumaric acid), deoxy sugars (deoxyribose, rhamnose, fucose), sugar alcohols (sorbitol, glycerol, mannitol, dulcitol, erythritol), sugar acids (gluconic acid, glucuronic acid); Disaccharides: Glycoside bonds, sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, lactose, trehalose.
Lecture Document: Click to download.
7. Carbohydrates-III
Contents: Polysaccharides (Glycans)
Subheadings: Homopolysaccharides (Starch; amylose-amylopectin, glycogen, cellulose, inulin, chitin, dextrin, dextran, pectin, agar-agar), heteropolysaccharides (hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfates, blood group substances, heparin, gum arabic, murein).
Lecture Document: Click to download.
8. Lipids-I
Contents: Definition of Lipids and Functions, Classification, Fatty acids
Subheadings: Free Fatty Acids-NEFA, Saturated-Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Essential Fatty Acids), Nomenclature (IUPAC, Trivial), Numbering (COOH and Omega-ω), Classification, Essential Fatty Acids (Linoleic acid), Physical and Chemical Properties (Salt formation, Saponification, Detergent, Ester formation, Hydrogenation, Adding halogen to double bond, Oxidation, Peroxidation).
Lecture Document: Click to download.
9. Lipids-II
ontent: Lipids carrying Glycerine
Subheadings: Glycerine (Glycerol), Neutral Lipids (Mono-, di- and triglycerides [Animal Fats and Vegetable Oils], Saponification Number, Iodine Number, Acetyl Number, Acid Number, Essential Fatty Acid Number/Reichart Number, Bitterness, Glycerine Ethers, Glucosylglycerins), Phosphoglycerides (Phosphatides [lecithin, cephalin, phosphatidylserine, plasmalogens, platelet-activating factor-PAF], Diphosphatidylglycerine [Cardiolipin] and Phosphotidilinositols).
Lecture Document: Click to download.
10. Lipids-III
Contents: Glycerine-Free Lipids, Lipids linked to other class of compounds)
Subheadings: Sphingolipids (Sphingosine, Ceramides, Sphingomyelins, Glycosphingolipids [Cerebrosides, Sulfatides, Globocytes/Ceramide Oligosaccharides, Gangliosides]), Aliphatic Alcohols and Waxes (Beeswax, Carnauba, Spermatozoa, Spermenacetum wax, Lanolin), Terpenes, Steroids (Sterane ring, Sterols [Zoosterols (Cholesterol, Lanosterol), Mycosterols, Phytosterols], Bile Acids, Steroid Hormones, Vitamin D).
Lipids linked to other class compounds: Lipoproteins (Chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL), Eicosanoids (Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes, Prostacyclines, Leukotrienes, Lipoxins), Lysophosphoglycerides, Lipopolysaccharides.
Lecture Document: Click to download.
11. Amino acids, Peptides, and Proteins-I
Contents: Amino Acids and Classification, Structure of Amino Acids, Essential and Non-Protein Amino Acids, General reactions of Amino Acids, Peptide Bond and Peptides.
Subheadings: D- and L-Forms, Classification, Modified Amino Acids, Physical and Chemical Properties; Peptides: Peptide Bond, Oligo- and Polypeptides, Some important di-, oligo- and polypeptides, Separations and quantification of amino acids in proteins.
Lecture Document: Click to download.
12. Amino acids, Peptides, and Proteins-II
Contents: Classification of Proteins, Properties of Proteins, Solubility of Proteins, Denaturation, Primer, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary Structures of Protein Molecules
Subheadings: Classification (According to their Structure: Simple-Conjugated-Derivative Proteins; Functionally: Catalytic Proteins, Carrier Proteins [transport proteins], Nutrient and Storage Proteins, Contractile Proteins, Structural Proteins, Defense Proteins, Physiological Regulatory Proteins).
Lecture Document: Click to download.
13. Amino acids, Peptides, and Proteins-III
Contents: Nucleoproteins [Nucleic acids (Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Polynucleotides, Primer Structure of Nucleic Acids and Conformations, Functions and Metabolisms of Nucleic Acids, Replication, Transcription, Translation], Chromoproteins, Bile pigments, Major Proteins of Body Fluids and Tissues.
Subheadings: DNA, RNA, ATP, Porphyrins, Icterus (Jaundice).
Lecture Document: Click to download.
14. Enzymes
Contents: Structures and General Properties of Enzymes, Terminology and Definitions, Classification and Nomenclature of Enzymes, Principles of Enzyme Kinetics, Factors Which Affects Activity of Enzyme, Control of Enzyme Activity, Enzymology in Veterinary Medicine
Subheadings: History, Location, Specificity, Enzyme Catalysis, Inhibitors and Activators, Coenzymes.
Lecture Document: Click to download.
Laboratory Practice Documents
1. Laboratory Safety and Cleaning
Contents: Rules to be followed in biochemistry laboratories.
Practice Document: Click to download.
2. Basic Laboratory Glassware and Equipment
Contents: Introduction of basic laboratory consumables, equipment, and instruments.
Practice Document: Click to download.
3. Solutions
Contents: Solution problems; Preparation of Solutions: Percent, Molar and Normal (Equivalence) Solutions.
Practice Document: Click to download.
4. Collecting Serum and Plasma
Contents: Collecting Serum and Plasma
Subheadings: Blood, blood collection tubes, anticoagulants, serum and plasma separation and difference, centrifugal.
Practice Document: Click to download.
5. Experiments on Carbohydrates
Contents: Experiments on Carbohydrates.
Subheadings: Moore, fehling, benedict, barfoed, furfural, molisch, naphtol, seliwanoff, bial, aniline, sucrose, hydrolysis, ozazone, amylodextrin, erythrodextrin, acrodextrin, fermentation.
Practice Document: Click to download.
6. Experiments on Lipids
Contents: Experiments on Lipids
Practice Document: Click to download.
7. Experiments on Amino Acids and Proteins
7. Experiments on Amino Acids and Proteins
Contents: Experiments on Amino Acids and Proteins
Practice Document: Click to download.
Edited on: 1 March 2023